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Simon Bolivar: The Great Liberator
Simon Bolivar
was born in Caracas, Venezuela, 24 July 1783.1 His
wealthy parents died when he was young, leaving him a considerable fortune. He
was raised by an uncle and his tutor was a revolutionary named Simon Rodriguez.
Rodriguez was thrown out of Venezuela after being accused of trying to
overthrow Spanish rule.2 At
sixteen Bolivar was sent to Spain to complete his education. While there (1802)
he married a Spanish girl who returned to Venezuela with him. Unfortunately,
she soon died.3Bolivar
returned to Europe to travel and immerse himself in a cultured life.
He travelled to Paris where he met the famous
scientist Humboldt, and was a witness to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of France (1804).
He met his old tutor, Rodriguez, in Rome, here in 1805, he promised to liberate
his homeland from Spanish rule.
I swear before you, I swear by the God of my fathers, by my forefathers
themselves, by my honour and my country, that I shall never allow my hands to
be idle or my soul to rest until I have broken the shackles which bind us to
Spain.4
He returned to Venezuela via the United States,
where he saw republican institutions first hand. Soon after he returned he took
the very generous and principled step of freeing all of the slaves on his
property. He joined a group of revolutionaries which took advantage of
Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808 to liberate the country. The group
captured Caracas in 1810.5
Simon Bolivar went to England in an effort to get
English support for Venezuelan independence. This, however, failed largely
because of a British treaty obligation to Spain. Bolivar returned to Venezuela,
and in 1811 was part of a constitutional convention that declared Venezuela's
independence from Spain. However, in 1812 royalists gained the upper hand and
Bolivar was forced to leave the country for Columbia.6
In 1812 he issued his Columbian Manifesto which
urged cooperation among the states working for independence from Spain. This
manifesto helped him to garner support to reenter Venezuela at the head of a
military force (1813). He again took Caracas and made himself dictator, but was
again forced out of the country (this time to Jamaica) by military units loyal
to Spain.7
In Jamaica Simon Bolivar produced
his famous Jamaica Letter, which outlined his views
on the revolutionary movement and government. An attempt to assassinate Bolivar
was made by his servant, Pio, who had been bribed by Bolivar's enemies. The
attempt failed when Pio attacked a different man who happened to be in
Bolivar's hammock.8 From
Jamaica, Bolivar went to Haiti where he raised an army with the blessing of the
Haitian President. In return, Petion asked that he free the slaves in all the
countries he would liberate.
In 1817 General Bolivar returned to Venezuela with
a new army. He proved resourceful, relying on Haitian help, plus mercenaries
from the now reduced armies of the Napoleonic Wars he began to win battles. He
forged an alliance with the llanero horsemen of the plains, which provided him
with an effective cavalry.9
In 1819 Bolivar marched to Colombia and defeated
the Spanish forces at Boyaca. From here he
formed the first Republic of Colombia - which then was comprised of the present
states of Columbia, Panama, and Venezuela. He became the first president of
this state in 1819. However, fighting with Spanish and loyalist forces
continued until the Battle of Carabobo in 1821 allowed the Liberator to enter
Caracas, Venezuela.
As president of Gran Colombia, Bolivar continued to
fight to rid the continent of Spanish authority. He tried to keep the areas he
liberated united. He questioned whether smaller Latin American states could
fend off encroachment by other powers, especially those of Europe. However,
centrifugal forces were at work and internal dissensions created many problems.
In 1827 he fell out with his Vice President, Santander, and made himself
dictator. Yet he was unable to bring stability to "Gran Colombia". In
1830, suffering from tuberculosis, he resigned his office and moved from the
capital at Bogota to Santa Marta, near the coast. He died in December of that
year.10
Bolivar was a superb military commander, a
determined man, an inspiring leader, and a political thinker. Above all he was
a man of action. He swore to liberate Latin America from Spain and by force of
his own personality made that happen. This was how he achieved the title,
"The Liberator". His legacy is great. Many places and people were
named after him. Even an American Civil War general carried his name into
battle, Simon Bolivar Buckner.
He is a hero to much of Latin America. A political
movement was named for him. Hugo Chavez invoked his name for his Bolivarian Revolution. Yet it is
doubtful Bolivar would have seen much of himself in the Career and
pronouncements of Hugo Chavez. The Chavez
doctrine is to restrict freedoms and to undermine the economy of his own
country. He works to denigrate all classes to the lowest level. Meanwhile
Bolivar was a believer in building people up. He wanted to make Latin America
strong and prosperous, and ultimately free from tyranny.
In his Jamaica Letter as well
as his assuming of the dictatorship in 1827 we do see Bolivar moving against
his republican beliefs. However, he saw this as an expediency. He wanted to
give his people time to grow, to allow the nation to become a mature republic.
He failed to see that his dictatorship set a bad precedent of military
praetorianism. Chavez would use this as an excuse to undermine legitimate
institutions in his own country of Venezuela.
Was Bolivar a success or a failure? If he failed it
was not from want of trying. He wished a United Latin America. It was spinning
apart even as he watched. Perhaps the forces were too great for any one man to
control. Yet he did succeed in his greatest task, the liberation of his people.
He must be numbered among the great men of history.
- Simon Bolivar, History
- Military Heritage Bolivar Bio
- Young Bolivar
- Bolivar's Oath
- Ref to: http://www.simon-bolivar.org/bolivar/simon_bolivar_pp.html"
- Reference to article at http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761569365" - Simon Bolivar Biography Encarta
- HyperHistory on Simon Bolivar
- Attempted Assassination of Bolivar in Jamaica
- Latin American Political History By Ronald M. Schneider
- Great Lives from History: The 19th Century: Simón Bolívar
taken form : http://www.indepthinfo.com/historical-figures/simon-bolivar.htm
AREA: Social Studies SUBJECT: Social Studies
LEVEL: TEACHER: Giselle Hernandez Ruiz
|
GENERATIVE TOPIC:
¿La situación de pobreza, desigualdad
e injusticia es imposible de cambiar en Colombia?
|
THROUGH LINES: :
¿CUALES FUERON LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA SOCIEDAD
EN EL SIGLO XIX?
¿CUALES FUERON LOS CAMBIOS
EN LA ECONOMÍA?
¿QUE FUE LA REGENERACIÓN?
|
|
|
BIMESTER
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UNDERSTANDING GOALS
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TEMATIC UNITS AND
CONTENTS
|
|
IV
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1.
El
estudiante desarrollara comprensión sobre los principales rasgos económicos y
políticos de Colombia en el siglo XIX
2.
El
estudiante desarrollara comprensión sobre las consecuencias de las reformas
liberales y su influencia en el desarrollo del país.
3.
El
estudiante desarrollara comprensión sobre las características físicas de
Colombia.
|
Características de Colombia en el siglo XIX:
Nación y Republica
La gran Colombia y la lucha por el poder
Los partidos políticos: conservador y
liberal
La republica Liberal y las reformas de
mediados de siglo
La colonización antioqueña
Hegemonía conservadora: La Regeneración
La guerra de los mil días
|
|
CYCLE
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DATE
|
PRODUCTS
|
PERCENTAGE
|
GRADE
|
|
|
1
|
14 al 18 de sept.
|
Bolívar y sus ideales políticos
Mapa mental
|
10%
|
|
|
|
2
|
21 al 25 de sept.
|
El origen de los partidos políticos en Colombia
Debate
Primera entrega proyecto: Infografía el origen de los partidos políticos
en Colombia.
|
10%
|
|
|
|
3
|
28 sept. al 2 de oct.
|
Reformas liberales de medio siglo Jose Hilario López
Propaganda Política
|
10%
|
|
|
|
4
|
13 al 19 de oct.
|
Examen parcial
|
15%
|
|
|
|
5
|
20 al 26 de oct.
|
Hegemonía Liberal - constitución 1853
Historieta
|
10%
|
|
|
|
6
|
27 oct. al 3 nov.
|
La Regeneración
Segunda entrega proyecto: Caricatura política.
|
15%
|
|
|
|
7
|
4 al 10 de nov.
|
La Guerra de
los 1000 días
Separación de Panamá
Guía
|
10%
|
|
|
|
8
|
11 al 18 de nov.
|
Proyecto de Síntesis
Entrega final
|
20%
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
|
100%
|
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